Research Paper in Scientific Format

3 Oct

Doing scientific paper is tough and difficult task for learners in any level. In order to overcome these difficulties, here is the appropriate format in writing a scientific paper.

TITLE

The research title is not too long or too short. It shows the dependent and independent variables. It tells something what the study is all about. It serves as the main purpose or primary problem in the study. It should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound.

ABSTRACT

The research abstract presents an overview of the study and consists of three (3) major components namely the problems, methods and findings. One or two (2) paragraphs are enough for the abstract. There must be keywords at the bottom of the abstract.

INTRODUCTION

The research introduction presents the nature, historical background, stages of development or evolution of the chosen topic. The introduction states the legal basis of the study; relevant theories and related concepts or direct statements of experts in connection with the current study. The introduction may present existing problems that need urgent solutions; gaps in knowledge that need clarification and controversies and claims that need logical explanation. The researcher may states his own views based on his observations, daily situations or life experiences. Any source of information should have proper citation. The researcher should acknowledge the authors or writers appropriately and learn how to paraphrase everything to avoid plagiarism. Research introduction covers up theoretical framework and/or conceptual framework, the general objective or main problem, specific problems, hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and delimitation/limitation of the study and definition of terms.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

The research materials include all the things that had been used in the study such as laboratory equipment, measuring devices, activity materials, electronic gadgets, survey questionnaire and so forth. Measurement of mass, volume, density, temperature, pressure, should be accurate and precise and expressed in measuring units. The study requires research instrument that had been validated by experts for the collection of information or data. Data gathered should be presented in tables and/or graphs. Quantitative research needs probability sampling techniques and sample size. Statistical treatment is required in analyzing and interpreting of data to come up with valid results. Inferential statistics which includes Chi-square, T-test, Pearson r, F-test, Z-test and Analysis of Variance or ANOVA are recommended to use in analyzing and interpreting of data.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of the study refers to the findings itself. It should answer the research problems statistically. The computed value of any statistical test should be compared with the tabular or p value of the standardized test. The discussion of the results shows the significance, relationship and relevance of the variables of the study. It also presents the theories and studies which are related and relevant with the current study. It also discusses the agreements, disagreements, conflicting ideas, gaps and claims of experts in relation to the current study. The discussion presents the researcher’s decision whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis for them to arrive into valid generalizations.

CONCLUSION

Conclusion refers to the generalized statements based on the findings or results of the study. It should be written in paragraph form.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations refers to the suggestions of the researchers based on the given conclusions or generalizations. It may be written in bullet form.

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